Today I’m going to work on a few migratory policies
that Marmora does not mention in his
book published in 2004, I’ll call this first one the closed door policy.
It tries to limit or stop, as much as possible the influx of migrants or any
particular group of them. It’s characterized to use an excessively rigorous
criteria is used stopping migrants from getting legal residencies. One must add
that there is strong emphasis on the border, especially as concept defining it
as a place that divides. This way of defining the border can isolate a country
from the unwanted migrants, but it affects its relation with its neighbor
countries. In some extreme cases some counties get to the point of literally
building walls on their borders trying to become airtight, and at their border
crossings they implement a strict control of who enters and leaves its
territory, most visible examples are the United States with Mexico, Greece with
Turkey border, Israel with Palestine...just to mention a few cases. Whenever
the authority of a territory, for whatever reasons, cannot, does not or does
not know how to address issues like migratory transit, building walls seems to
be the best and only viable option for some States.
With this type of immigration policy, has a
tendency to put a greater emphasis on police control over administrative
control and the potential that the migrant is a possible criminal underlines
most of the States actions. Many of the measures are taken trying to stop
immigrants, but one must keep in mind
that some of them are willing to risk their lives, with this driving idea of a
better perspective of life for him/her and his/hers family. They don’t have the
means to get visas or travel with all the legal requirements; they know they
will be refused at the border, for many migrants illegal transits are there
only chance they get to a better life, these barriers are built with these
people in mind.
Let’s put this into perspective, the desperation
and determination of some Central American immigrants is so great that it makes
these people, take a train when they arrive to Mexico called the Beast (actual
they are a group of trains).If they Survive the transit across Mexico on top of these
trains, avoid being captured by their migratory control and having to deal with
some xenophobic and criminal elements in country, and they are victim of all
kinds of abuses. When they get to the US Border they have to jump a pretty high
wall evade US border control which is a small army, cross a desert without the adequate recourses and last but
not least try not to run I with any crazy civilians patrolling these areas.
Taking all this into account or these people are totally crazy or incredibly
desperate, but one thing is a fact they have nothing to lose so dissuasion
doesn’t work, build the most high-tech super killer wall, guarded by an army of
terminators and people will find a way
to breach it. The Berlin wall was of
the most patrolled in history, one could have risked certain death if captured
or spotted and still people took the chance of crossing it.
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Another example to illustrate my point is what is
happing with the States that have their coasts on the Mediterranean Sea having
to deal with the influx of African immigrants. In a very recommendable article to read in Le
Monde special edition dedicated to Africa writer Jean Ziegler, a sociologist from
Switzerland. Explains that European countries use Frontex, an agency of
cooperation related to the European Union, to stop the influx of illegal
transits coming from African countries. The author explains that they use questionable
military type actions to stop and capture migrants at sea and have on African territory
special detention centers for these people that are in there custody.
Like in the other example these people a driven my
desperation, and the author describes the how these people real should be
considered refugees of hunger, since outside influences from Africa and
internal corruption has ruined subsistence economies all across Africa, pushing
people out of their lands or leaving them with places to fish, producing this
mass exodus from this continent (Jean Ziegler; Refugees of Hunger; 2013).
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